famfo suna ɗaya daga cikin manyan masu amfani da hatimin inji. Kamar yadda sunan ya nuna, hatimin inji hatimi ne na nau'in hulɗa, wanda aka bambanta shi da hatimin iska ko na labyrinth wanda ba ya taɓawa.Hatimin injiana kuma siffanta su a matsayin hatimin injiniya mai daidaito kohatimin inji mara daidaitoWannan yana nufin kashi nawa ne na matsin lamba na tsari, idan akwai, zai iya fitowa a bayan fuskar hatimin da ba ta da tsayi. Idan ba a tura fuskar hatimin a kan fuskar da ke juyawa ba (kamar a cikin hatimin irin na turawa) ko kuma ruwa mai sarrafawa a matsin lamba da ake buƙatar rufewa ba a bar shi ya shiga bayan fuskar hatimin ba, matsin lambar tsarin zai busa fuskar hatimin baya da buɗewa. Mai tsara hatimin yana buƙatar la'akari da duk yanayin aiki don tsara hatimin tare da ƙarfin rufewa da ake buƙata amma ba ƙarfin da ya wuce na'urar da ke ɗorawa a fuskar hatimin mai ƙarfi tana haifar da zafi da lalacewa da yawa. Wannan daidaito ne mai laushi wanda ke sa ko karya amincin famfo.
hatimin da ke aiki yana fuskantar ta hanyar ba da damar buɗewa maimakon hanyar gargajiya
Daidaita ƙarfin rufewa, kamar yadda aka bayyana a sama. Ba ya kawar da ƙarfin rufewa da ake buƙata amma yana ba mai tsara famfo da mai amfani wani maɓalli don juyawa ta hanyar barin a sauke nauyin ko a sauke fuskokin hatimi, yayin da yake kiyaye ƙarfin rufewa da ake buƙata, don haka yana rage zafi da lalacewa yayin faɗaɗa yanayin aiki mai yuwuwa.
Busasshen Hatimin Iskar Gas (DGS), wanda galibi ana amfani da shi a cikin na'urorin damfara, yana samar da ƙarfin buɗewa a fuskokin hatimi. Wannan ƙarfin yana samuwa ne ta hanyar ƙa'idar ɗaukar iska mai ƙarfi, inda ramuka masu kyau na famfo suna taimakawa wajen ƙarfafa iskar gas daga gefen aikin matsi mai ƙarfi na hatimi, zuwa cikin ramin da kuma a kan fuskar hatimin a matsayin abin ɗaukar fim ɗin ruwa mara taɓawa.
Ƙarfin buɗewar iska mai ƙarfi na fuskar busasshiyar hatimin iskar gas. Gangar layin yana wakiltar taurin da ke kan rata. Lura cewa rata yana cikin microns.
Irin wannan lamari yana faruwa a cikin bearings na mai na hydrodynamic waɗanda ke tallafawa yawancin manyan masu damfara na centrifugal da rotors na famfo kuma ana ganinsa a cikin zane-zanen eccentricity na rotor da Bently ya nuna. Wannan tasirin yana samar da tsayayyen tasha ta baya kuma muhimmin abu ne a cikin nasarar bearings na mai na hydrodynamic da DGS. Hatimin injiniya ba su da kyawawan ramuka na famfo waɗanda za a iya samu a fuskar DGS mai aerodynamic. Akwai yiwuwar samun hanyar amfani da ƙa'idodin bearings na gas mai matsin lamba daga waje don rage nauyin ƙarfin rufewa dagafuskar hatimin injis.
Tsarin inganci na sigogin ɗaukar nauyin ruwa da fim idan aka kwatanta da rabon rashin daidaituwa na mujallu. Tauri, K, da damping, D, sun fi ƙanƙanta lokacin da mujallun ke tsakiyar ɗaukar nauyin. Yayin da mujallun ke kusanto saman ɗaukar nauyin, tauri da damping suna ƙaruwa sosai.
Bearings na iskar gas mai matsin lamba daga waje suna amfani da tushen iskar gas mai matsin lamba, yayin da bearings masu motsi suna amfani da motsin da ke tsakanin saman don samar da matsin lamba daga rata. Fasahar da ke matsawa daga waje tana da aƙalla fa'idodi guda biyu masu mahimmanci. Na farko, ana iya allurar iskar gas mai matsin lamba kai tsaye tsakanin fuskokin hatimi ta hanyar da aka tsara maimakon ƙarfafa iskar gas ɗin zuwa cikin rata ta hanyar amfani da ramuka masu zurfi waɗanda ke buƙatar motsi. Wannan yana ba da damar raba fuskokin hatimi kafin juyawa ya fara. Ko da fuskokin sun naɗe tare, za su buɗe don babu fara gogayya kuma su tsaya lokacin da aka saka matsin lamba kai tsaye a tsakaninsu. Bugu da ƙari, idan hatimin yana aiki da zafi, yana yiwuwa tare da matsin lamba na waje don ƙara matsin lamba zuwa fuskar hatimin. Bayan haka, rata zai ƙaru daidai gwargwado tare da matsin lamba, amma zafin da ke fitowa daga yanke zai faɗi akan aikin cube na rata. Wannan yana ba wa mai aiki sabon damar yin amfani da shi don yaƙi da samar da zafi.
Akwai wata fa'ida a cikin na'urorin matsawa domin babu kwarara a fuska kamar yadda yake a cikin DGS. Madadin haka, matsin lamba mafi girma yana tsakanin fuskokin hatimi, kuma matsin lamba na waje zai kwarara zuwa yanayi ko kuma iska ta shiga gefe ɗaya da kuma cikin na'urar matsawa daga ɗayan gefen. Wannan yana ƙara aminci ta hanyar hana aikin daga rata. A cikin na'urorin matsawa wannan bazai zama fa'ida ba domin yana iya zama ba a so a tilasta iskar gas mai matsawa cikin famfo. Iskar gas mai matsawa a cikin na'urorin matsawa na iya haifar da matsalolin cavitation ko hammer na iska. Duk da haka, zai zama abin sha'awa a sami hatimin da ba ya taɓawa ko kuma mara gogayya ga famfo ba tare da rashin kyawun kwararar iskar gas cikin tsarin famfo ba. Shin zai yiwu a sami bearing na gas mai matsin lamba daga waje tare da sifili?
Diyya
Duk bearings ɗin da aka matsa daga waje suna da wani nau'in diyya. diyya nau'in takura ce da ke riƙe matsin lamba a ajiye. Mafi yawan nau'in diyya shine amfani da ramuka, amma akwai kuma dabarun diyya mai ratsawa, mataki da kuma rami. Ɗaukar nauyin yana ba da damar bearings ko fuskokin rufewa su yi tafiya kusa da juna ba tare da taɓawa ba, saboda kusancinsu, haka ma matsin iskar gas da ke tsakaninsu ke ƙaruwa, yana korar fuskokin.
Misali, a ƙarƙashin wani bututun gas mai ramawa (Hoto na 3), matsakaicin
Matsi a cikin rata zai daidaita jimlar nauyin da ke kan beyar da aka raba ta hanyar yankin fuska, wannan shine ɗaukar naúrar. Idan wannan matsin iskar gas ɗin shine fam 60 a kowace murabba'in inci (psi) kuma fuskar tana da murabba'in inci 10 na yanki kuma akwai fam 300 na kaya, za a sami matsakaicin psi 30 a cikin rata mai beyar. Yawanci, rata zai kasance kusan inci 0.0003, kuma saboda rata ɗin yana da ƙanƙanta, kwararar za ta kasance kusan ƙafa 0.2 na yau da kullun a minti ɗaya (scfm). Saboda akwai mai hana rami kafin rata ta riƙe matsi a ajiye, idan nauyin ya karu zuwa fam 400, rata mai beyar za ta ragu zuwa kusan inci 0.0002, wanda ke hana kwarara ta cikin rata zuwa ƙasa da 0.1 scfm. Wannan ƙaruwa a cikin ƙuntatawa ta biyu yana ba mai hana rami isasshen kwarara don ba da damar matsakaicin matsin lamba a cikin rata ya ƙaru zuwa 40 psi kuma yana tallafawa ƙaruwar kaya.
Wannan wani bangare ne na gefen da aka yanke na wani nau'in iska mai kama da na sama da ake samu a cikin injin aunawa (CMM). Idan za a yi la'akari da tsarin numfashi a matsayin "bearing diyya" to yana buƙatar samun ƙuntatawa a sama da ƙuntatawa ta gibin bearing.
diyya ta Orifice vs. Porous
diyya ta hanyar rami ita ce hanyar biyan diyya da aka fi amfani da ita. Rangwamen rami na yau da kullun na iya samun diamita na ramin inci .010, amma yayin da yake ciyar da inci murabba'i kaɗan na yanki, yana ciyar da wurare da yawa fiye da kansa, don haka saurin iskar gas ɗin na iya zama mai yawa. Sau da yawa, ana yanke ramuka daidai daga yaƙutu ko sapphires don guje wa lalacewar girman ramin don haka canje-canje a cikin aikin bearing. Wani batu kuma shine cewa a cikin gibin da ke ƙasa da inci 0.0002, yankin da ke kewaye da ramin ya fara shake kwararar zuwa sauran fuska, a lokacin ne faɗuwar fim ɗin gas ke faruwa. Haka kuma yana faruwa a lokacin ɗagawa, domin yankin ramin da duk wani tsagi ne kawai ake da su don fara ɗagawa. Wannan shine ɗayan manyan dalilan da yasa ba a ganin bearing masu matsin lamba a waje a cikin tsare-tsaren hatimi ba.
Wannan ba haka lamarin yake ba ga bearing mai laushi, maimakon haka taurin ya ci gaba
ƙaruwa yayin da kaya ke ƙaruwa kuma gibin ya ragu, kamar yadda lamarin yake da DGS (Hoto na 1) da
bearings na mai na hydrodynamic. A yanayin bearings masu ramuka masu matsin lamba daga waje, bearing ɗin zai kasance cikin yanayin ƙarfi mai daidaito lokacin da matsin lamba na shigarwa ya ninka yankin daidai da jimlar nauyin da ke kan bearing ɗin. Wannan lamari ne mai ban sha'awa na tribological saboda babu ɗagawa ko gibin iska. Ba za a sami kwararar ruwa ba, amma ƙarfin hydrostatic na matsin lamba na iska akan saman counter a ƙarƙashin fuskar bearing ɗin har yanzu yana rage nauyin jimlar nauyin kuma yana haifar da kusan sifili coefficient na gogayya - duk da cewa fuskokin har yanzu suna cikin hulɗa.
Misali, idan fuskar hatimin graphite tana da faɗin inci murabba'i 10 da kuma fam 1,000 na ƙarfin rufewa kuma graphite ɗin yana da ma'aunin gogayya na 0.1, zai buƙaci fam 100 na ƙarfi don fara motsi. Amma tare da tushen matsin lamba na waje na 100 psi da aka tura ta cikin graphite mai ramuka a fuskarsa, ba za a buƙaci ƙarfin da ake buƙata don fara motsi ba. Wannan duk da cewa har yanzu akwai fam 1,000 na ƙarfin rufewa wanda ke matse fuskokin biyu tare kuma fuskokin suna taɓawa ta jiki.
Nau'in kayan ɗaukar kaya marasa nauyi kamar: graphite, carbons da yumbu kamar alumina da silicon-carbides waɗanda masana'antun turbo suka san su kuma suna da ramuka ta halitta don haka ana iya amfani da su azaman bearings masu matsin lamba a waje waɗanda ba sa taɓawa. Akwai aikin haɗin gwiwa inda ake amfani da matsin lamba na waje don rage nauyin matsin lamba ko ƙarfin rufewa na hatimin daga tribology da ke faruwa a fuskokin hatimin da ke taɓawa. Wannan yana bawa mai aikin famfo damar daidaitawa a wajen famfon don magance matsalolin aikace-aikace da ayyukan sauri mafi girma yayin amfani da hatimin inji.
Wannan ƙa'ida ta shafi goga, na'urorin haɗi, na'urorin haɗa abubuwa, ko duk wani mai haɗa abubuwa da za a iya amfani da su don ɗaukar bayanai ko kwararar wutar lantarki a kan ko kashe abubuwan da ke juyawa. Yayin da rotors ke juyawa da sauri kuma suna ƙarewa, yana iya zama da wahala a riƙe waɗannan na'urori a cikin shaft, kuma sau da yawa yana da mahimmanci a ƙara matsin lamba na bazara da ke riƙe su a kan shaft. Abin takaici, musamman a yanayin aiki mai sauri, wannan ƙaruwar ƙarfin hulɗa kuma yana haifar da ƙarin zafi da lalacewa. Haka kuma ana iya amfani da ƙa'idar haɗa abubuwa da aka yi amfani da su a fuskokin hatimin injiniya da aka bayyana a sama a nan, inda ake buƙatar hulɗa ta jiki don watsa wutar lantarki tsakanin sassan da ba su da tsayi da na juyawa. Ana iya amfani da matsin lamba na waje kamar matsin lamba daga silinda na hydraulic don rage gogayya a mahaɗin motsi yayin da har yanzu yana ƙara ƙarfin bazara ko ƙarfin rufewa da ake buƙata don kiyaye goga ko fuskar hatimi a cikin hulɗa da shaft mai juyawa.
Lokacin Saƙo: Oktoba-21-2023