famfo na ɗaya daga cikin manyan masu amfani da hatimin inji.Kamar yadda sunan ke nunawa, hatimin inji sune nau'in lamba-nau'in hatimi, wanda ya bambanta da aerodynamic ko labyrinth ba tare da lamba ba.Makarantun injinaHakanan ana siffanta su azaman daidaitaccen hatimin inji korashin daidaiton hatimin inji.Wannan yana nufin wani kashi na, idan akwai, matsa lamba na tsari zai iya zuwa bayan fuskar hatimin tsaye.Idan fuskar hatimi ba a ture fuskar da ke jujjuyawa ba (kamar yadda yake a cikin nau'in hatimi) ko sarrafa ruwa a matsin da ake buƙatar rufewa ba a yarda ya shiga bayan fuskar hatimin ba, matsawar tsarin zai busa fuskar hatimin baya. kuma bude.Mai zanen hatimi yana buƙatar yin la'akari da duk yanayin aiki don ƙira hatimi tare da ƙarfin rufewa da ake buƙata amma ba ƙarfin da yawa ba har sai naúrar ta ɗora a fuskar hatimi mai ƙarfi yana haifar da zafi da lalacewa.Wannan ma'auni ne mai laushi wanda ke sa ko karya amincin famfo.
Hatimi mai ƙarfi yana fuskantar ta hanyar kunna ƙarfin buɗewa maimakon hanyar al'ada ta
daidaita ƙarfin rufewa, kamar yadda aka bayyana a sama.Ba ya kawar da ƙarfin rufewa da ake buƙata amma yana ba mai ƙirar famfo da mai amfani da wani ƙulli don juyawa ta hanyar barin rashin nauyi ko sauke fuskokin hatimin, yayin kiyaye ƙarfin da ake buƙata na rufewa, don haka rage zafi da lalacewa yayin faɗaɗa yiwuwar yanayin aiki.
Dry Gas Seals (DGS), sau da yawa ana amfani dashi a cikin compressors, suna ba da ƙarfin buɗewa a fuskokin hatimi.An ƙirƙiri wannan ƙarfin ta hanyar ƙa'idar ɗaukar iska mai ƙarfi, inda ƙwanƙolin famfo mai kyau ke taimakawa ƙarfafa iskar gas daga ɓangaren matsi mai ƙarfi na hatimi, cikin rata da faɗin fuskar hatimin a matsayin ɗaukar fim ɗin ruwa mara lamba.
Ƙarfin buɗaɗɗen buɗaɗɗen iskar gas na busasshiyar hatimin fuska.gangaren layin yana wakiltar taurin kai a rata.Lura cewa tazarar tana cikin microns.
Irin wannan lamari yana faruwa a cikin nau'in mai na hydrodynamic wanda ke goyan bayan mafi yawan manyan centrifugal compressors da famfo rotors kuma ana gani a cikin rotor dynamic eccentricity mãkirci da Benly ya nuna Wannan tasirin yana ba da kwanciyar hankali na baya kuma yana da muhimmiyar mahimmanci a cikin nasarar samar da man fetur na hydrodynamic da DGS. .Makullin injina ba su da kyawawan ramuka masu kyau waɗanda za a iya samu a fuskar DGS mai iska mai iska.Wataƙila akwai wata hanya ta amfani da ƙa'idodin ɗaukar iskar gas na waje don rage nauyin ƙarfin rufewa dagafuskar hatimin injis.
Matsakaicin madaidaitan ma'auni na ma'aunin fim mai ɗaukar ruwa tare da ƙimar eccentricity na jarida.Tauri, K, da damping, D, sun kasance mafi ƙanƙanta lokacin da jarida ta kasance a tsakiyar ɗaukar hoto.Yayin da jaridar ke kusa da abin da ake ɗauka, taurin kai da damping suna ƙaruwa sosai.
Wuraren iskar gas masu matsa lamba na waje suna amfani da tushen iskar gas mai matsewa, yayin da matsi masu ƙarfi suna amfani da motsin dangi tsakanin saman don haifar da matsa lamba.Fasahar da aka matsawa waje tana da aƙalla fa'idodi biyu na asali.Na farko, ana iya yin allurar iskar gas ɗin da aka matsa kai tsaye tsakanin fuskokin hatimi a cikin yanayin sarrafawa maimakon ƙarfafa gas ɗin cikin tazarar hatimi tare da ramuka mai zurfi da ke buƙatar motsi.Wannan yana ba da damar raba fuskokin hatimin kafin a fara juyawa.Ko da fuskokin suna murƙushe wuri ɗaya, za su buɗe don buɗewar juzu'i da tsayawa lokacin da aka yi matsi kai tsaye a tsakaninsu.Bugu da ƙari, idan hatimin yana gudana zafi, yana yiwuwa tare da matsa lamba na waje don ƙara matsa lamba zuwa fuskar hatimin.Tazarar za ta ƙaru daidai gwargwado tare da matsa lamba, amma zafi daga shear zai faɗi akan aikin cube na ratar.Wannan yana ba ma'aikacin sabon damar yin amfani da haɓakar zafi.
Akwai wata fa'ida a cikin compressors a cikin cewa babu kwararar fuska kamar yadda ake samu a cikin DGS.Maimakon haka, matsi mafi girma shine tsakanin fuskokin hatimi, kuma matsa lamba na waje zai gudana zuwa cikin sararin samaniya ko kuma ya shiga cikin wani gefe kuma zuwa cikin compressor daga wancan gefe.Wannan yana ƙara aminci ta hanyar kiyaye tsari daga rata.A cikin famfo wannan bazai zama fa'ida ba saboda yana iya zama wanda ba a so a tilasta gas mai matsawa cikin famfo.Gudun iskar gas a cikin famfo na iya haifar da cavitation ko al'amuran guduma na iska.Zai zama mai ban sha'awa, ko da yake, don samun hatimin da ba tare da tuntuɓar ba ko juzu'i don famfo ba tare da lahani na kwararar iskar gas a cikin tsarin famfo ba.Shin zai yiwu a sami matsi na iskar gas na waje tare da kwararar sifili?
Diyya
Duk abubuwan da aka matsa na waje suna da wani nau'in diyya.Ramuwa wani nau'i ne na ƙuntatawa wanda ke riƙe matsi baya a ajiyar.Mafi na kowa nau'i na ramuwa shi ne amfani da kofofi, amma akwai kuma tsagi, mataki da kuma m ramu dabaru.Ramuwa yana ba da damar bearings ko rufe fuska su yi tafiya kusa da juna ba tare da taɓawa ba, saboda kusancin da suke yi, ƙarfin iskar gas ɗin yana ƙaruwa a tsakanin su, yana korar fuskokin.
Misali, a ƙarƙashin madaidaicin madaidaicin iskar gas ɗin da aka biya (Hoto 3), matsakaicin
matsa lamba a cikin rata zai daidaita jimlar nauyin da ke kan maɗaurin da aka raba ta wurin fuskar fuska, wannan shine naúrar loading.Idan wannan matsi na iskar gas ɗin yana da fam 60 a kowace inci murabba'i (psi) kuma fuskar tana da inci murabba'i 10 kuma akwai nauyin nauyin kilo 300, za a sami matsakaicin 30 psi a cikin tazarar ɗabi'a.Yawanci, tazarar zai kasance kusan inci 0.0003, kuma saboda tazarar tana da ƙanƙanta, kwararar zai zama kusan 0.2 misali cubic feet a minti daya (scfm).Domin akwai maƙallan bango kafin ratar da ke riƙe da matsi a ajiye, idan nauyin ya ƙaru zuwa fam 400 an rage ratar ɗaukar nauyi zuwa kusan inci 0.0002, yana ƙuntata kwarara ta ratar ƙasa 0.1 scfm.Wannan karuwa a cikin ƙuntatawa na biyu yana ba da ƙuntatawa na orifice isasshen kwarara don ba da damar matsa lamba a cikin rata don ƙara zuwa 40 psi kuma yana goyan bayan ƙarar kaya.
Wannan ra'ayi ne na gefen cutaway na nau'in iskar da aka saba samu a cikin na'ura mai daidaitawa (CMM).Idan za a yi la'akari da tsarin pneumatic a matsayin "ƙaddamar da aka biya" yana buƙatar samun ƙuntatawa a sama na ƙuntataccen rata.
Orifice vs. Ramuwa mara kyau
Diyya ta Orifice ita ce nau'i na diyya da aka fi amfani da ita. na gas iya zama high.Sau da yawa, ana yanke tsaunuka daidai daga yakutu ko sapphires don guje wa zaizayar girman bangon don haka canje-canje a cikin aikin ɗaukar hoto.Wani batu kuma shi ne, a cikin gibin da ke ƙasa da inci 0.0002, yankin da ke kusa da bangon ya fara shaƙa magudanar ruwa zuwa sauran fuskar, a lokacin da fim ɗin gas ya rushe. orifice da kowane tsagi suna samuwa don fara ɗagawa.Wannan yana ɗaya daga cikin manyan dalilan da ba a ganin matsi na waje a cikin tsare-tsaren hatimi.
Wannan ba haka lamarin yake ba na ramukan ramuwa, a maimakon haka taurin ya ci gaba da kasancewa
karuwa yayin da kaya ya karu kuma an rage rata, kamar yadda yanayin DGS (Image 1) da
hydrodynamic mai bearings.Game da yanayin da ake ciki a waje, mai ɗaukar hoto zai kasance cikin yanayin ƙarfi lokacin da aka shigar da matsin lamba a kan abin da ke faruwa.Wannan lamari ne mai ban sha'awa na tribological yayin da babu ɗaga sifili ko tazarar iska.Za a sami kwararar sifili, amma ƙarfin ƙarfin iska na matsa lamba a kan farfajiyar ƙasa a ƙarƙashin fuskar ɗaukar nauyi har yanzu yana rage nauyin duka kuma yana haifar da ƙarancin ƙarancin sifili na kusa-ko da yake har yanzu fuskokin suna cikin hulɗa.
Misali, idan fuskar hatimin graphite tana da yanki na inci murabba'i 10 da fam 1,000 na ƙarfin rufewa kuma graphite yana da ƙimar juzu'i na 0.1, zai buƙaci fam 100 na ƙarfi don fara motsi.Amma tare da tushen matsa lamba na waje na psi 100 da aka zazzage ta cikin graphite mai ƙyalƙyali zuwa fuskarta, da gaske za a sami ƙarfin sifili da ake buƙata don fara motsi.Wannan shi ne duk da cewa har yanzu akwai fam 1,000 na ƙarfin rufewa da ke matse fuskokin biyu tare da cewa fuskokin suna cikin hulɗar jiki.
Wani nau'in kayan ɗaukar haske kamar: graphite, carbons da yumbu irin su alumina da silicon-carbides waɗanda masana'antun turbo suka sani kuma suna da ƙura ta dabi'a ta yadda za'a iya amfani da su azaman ɗaukar hoto na waje waɗanda ba su da alaƙa da ɗaukar hoto na ruwa.Akwai aikin matasan inda ake amfani da matsa lamba na waje don rage nauyin matsi na lamba ko ƙarfin rufewar hatimi daga tribology da ke gudana a cikin fuskokin hatimin tuntuɓar.Wannan yana ba mai aikin famfo damar yin wani abu don daidaitawa a waje da famfo don magance matsalolin aikace-aikace da ayyukan sauri mafi girma yayin amfani da hatimin inji.
Wannan ka'ida kuma ta shafi goge-goge, masu zirga-zirga, abubuwan motsa jiki, ko duk wani mai gudanar da tuntuɓar wanda za'a iya amfani dashi don ɗaukar bayanai ko igiyoyin lantarki akan ko kashe abubuwa masu juyawa.Yayin da rotors ke jujjuyawa da sauri kuma suna ƙarewa suna ƙaruwa, yana iya zama da wahala a kiyaye waɗannan na'urori a cikin hulɗa tare da shaft, kuma sau da yawa ya zama dole don ƙara matsa lamba na bazara da ke riƙe su a kan shaft.Abin takaici, musamman a yanayin aiki mai sauri, wannan haɓakar ƙarfin hulɗar yana haifar da ƙarin zafi da lalacewa.Hakanan ana iya amfani da ƙa'idar haɗaɗɗiyar ƙa'idar da aka yi amfani da su don hatimin hatimi da aka kwatanta a sama a nan, inda ake buƙatar hulɗar jiki don haɓakar wutar lantarki tsakanin sassa na tsaye da juyawa.Ana iya amfani da matsa lamba na waje kamar matsa lamba daga silinda na ruwa don rage juzu'i a ma'amala mai ƙarfi yayin da har yanzu ƙara ƙarfin bazara ko ƙarfin rufewa da ake buƙata don ci gaba da goga ko hatimin fuska tare da madaidaicin juzu'i.
Lokacin aikawa: Oktoba-21-2023