Hatimin famfo mai haɓakawa sau biyu, wanda aka daidaita daga fasahar hatimin iska, sun fi zama ruwan dare a masana'antar hatimin shaft.Waɗannan hatimai suna ba da fitarwar sifili na ruwan famfo zuwa yanayi, suna ba da ƙarancin juriya a kan mashin famfo kuma suna aiki tare da tsarin tallafi mafi sauƙi.Waɗannan fa'idodin suna ba da ƙarancin farashin rayuwa gabaɗaya.
Waɗannan hatimai suna aiki ta hanyar gabatar da tushen waje na iskar gas mai matsa lamba tsakanin saman rufewar ciki da na waje.Matsayi na musamman na filin rufewa yana sanya ƙarin matsa lamba akan shingen shinge, yana haifar da shingen shinge don rabuwa, yana haifar da yanayin rufewa don yin iyo a cikin fim din gas.Asarar gogayya ta yi ƙasa kaɗan saboda abin rufewa ba ya taɓawa.Gas mai shingen yana wucewa ta cikin membrane a cikin ƙarancin gudu, yana cinye iskar gas ɗin a cikin nau'i na leaks, mafi yawan abin da ke zubewa zuwa sararin samaniya ta saman hatimin waje.Ragowar tana shiga cikin ɗakin hatimi kuma daga ƙarshe za a ɗauke ta ta hanyar rafi.
Duk hatimai biyu na hermetic suna buƙatar ruwa mai matsa lamba (ruwa ko iskar gas) tsakanin saman ciki da na waje na taron hatimin inji.Ana buƙatar tsarin tallafi don isar da wannan ruwa zuwa hatimi.Sabanin haka, a cikin hatimi biyu na ruwa mai mai mai matsi, ruwan shamaki yana zagayawa daga tafki ta hatimin injina, inda yake shafawa saman hatimin, ya sha zafi, sannan ya koma tafki inda yake buqatar watsar da zafin.Waɗannan tsarin tallafin hatimi biyu na matsa lamba na ruwa suna da rikitarwa.Nauyin zafi yana ƙaruwa tare da matsa lamba na tsari da zafin jiki kuma yana iya haifar da matsalolin dogara idan ba a ƙididdige shi da kyau da saita shi ba.
Tsarin tallafi na hatimi biyu da aka matsa yana ɗaukar sarari kaɗan, yana buƙatar ruwa mai sanyaya, kuma yana buƙatar kulawa kaɗan.Bugu da ƙari, lokacin da tushen abin dogara na iskar gas yana samuwa, amincinsa yana da zaman kansa daga matsa lamba da zafin jiki.
Saboda haɓakar ɗaukar hatimin famfo mai lamba biyu a kasuwa, Cibiyar Man Fetur ta Amurka (API) ta ƙara Shirin 74 a matsayin wani ɓangare na bugu na biyu na API 682.
74 Tsarin tallafi na shirye-shirye yawanci saitin ma'auni ne da bawuloli waɗanda ke share gas mai shinge, daidaita matsa lamba na ƙasa, da auna matsa lamba da kwararar iskar gas zuwa hatimin injina.Biye da hanyar shingen gas ta hanyar shirin shirin 74, kashi na farko shine bawul ɗin dubawa.Wannan yana ba da damar samar da iskar gas keɓewa daga hatimin don maye gurbin tacewa ko kula da famfo.Gas ɗin shingen yana wucewa ta cikin matatar mai mai 2 zuwa 3 (µm) mai haɗa ruwa wanda ke kama ruwaye da ɓarna waɗanda zasu iya lalata fasalin yanayin saman hatimin, ƙirƙirar fim ɗin gas a saman saman hatimin.Wannan yana biye da mai sarrafa matsa lamba da manometer don saita matsa lamba na isar da iskar gas zuwa hatimin inji.
Dual matsa lamba famfo iskar gas hatimi na bukatar shamaki wadata matsa lamba don saduwa ko wuce mafi ƙarancin matsa lamba sama da matsakaicin matsa lamba a cikin hatimi dakin.Wannan ƙaramin matsa lamba ya bambanta ta hanyar masana'anta da nau'in hatimi, amma yawanci yana kusa da fam 30 a kowace inci murabba'i (psi).Ana amfani da maɓallin matsa lamba don gano duk wata matsala tare da matsa lamba mai shinge na iskar gas da ƙara ƙararrawa idan matsa lamba ya faɗi ƙasa mafi ƙarancin ƙima.
Ana sarrafa aikin hatimin ta hanyar iskar gas mai shinge ta amfani da mita mai gudana.Bambance-bambance daga ƙimar kwararar iskar gas ɗin hatimi da aka ruwaito ta hanyar masana'antun hatimin injin suna nuna raguwar aikin hatimi.Rage kwararar iskar gas na iya zama saboda jujjuyawar famfo ko ƙaurawar ruwa zuwa fuskar hatimi (daga gurɓataccen iskar gas ko ruwan sarrafa ruwa).
Sau da yawa, bayan irin waɗannan abubuwan da suka faru, lalacewa ga wuraren rufewa yana faruwa, sa'an nan kuma shingen iskar gas yana ƙaruwa.Matsananciyar matsin lamba a cikin famfo ko asarar ɓangaren shingen iskar gas kuma na iya lalata saman rufewa.Ana iya amfani da ƙararrawar ƙararrawa mai girma don tantance lokacin da ake buƙatar sa baki don gyara babban kwararar iskar gas.Matsakaicin ƙararrawar ƙararrawa mai girma yawanci yana cikin kewayon sau 10 zuwa 100 na iskar gas na yau da kullun, yawanci ba ƙera hatimin inji ke tantancewa ba, amma ya dogara da yawan zubar iskar gas ɗin da famfo zai iya jurewa.
An yi amfani da ma'aunin ma'aunin ma'auni na al'ada kuma ba sabon abu ba ne don haɗa ƙananan ma'auni masu girma da yawa a jere.Za'a iya shigar da maɓalli mai girma a kan madaidaicin mita mai gudana don ba da ƙararrawa mai girma.Za'a iya daidaita ma'aunin motsi na yanki mai canzawa don wasu iskar gas a wasu yanayin zafi da matsi.Lokacin aiki a ƙarƙashin wasu yanayi, kamar canjin yanayin zafi tsakanin lokacin rani da hunturu, ƙimar kwararar da aka nuna ba za a iya la'akari da ƙimar daidai ba, amma yana kusa da ainihin ƙimar.
Tare da fitowar API 682 4th edition, kwarara da ma'aunin matsa lamba sun motsa daga analog zuwa dijital tare da karatun gida.Ana iya amfani da na'urori masu motsi na dijital azaman madaidaicin yanki masu gudana, waɗanda ke canza matsayi na iyo zuwa sigina na dijital, ko ma'aunin kwararar ruwa, wanda ke canza kwararar taro kai tsaye zuwa kwararar ƙara.Siffar bambance-bambancen masu watsawa da yawa shine cewa suna samar da kayan aiki waɗanda ke rama matsa lamba da zafin jiki don samar da kwararar gaskiya a ƙarƙashin daidaitattun yanayin yanayi.Lalacewar ita ce waɗannan na'urori sun fi tsada fiye da ma'aunin motsi na yanki.
Matsalar amfani da na'urar watsawa ita ce samun mai watsawa wanda zai iya auna kwararar iskar gas mai shinge yayin aiki na yau da kullun da kuma wuraren ƙararrawa masu yawa.Na'urori masu auna firikwensin yawo suna da matsakaicin matsakaicin ƙimar ƙima waɗanda za'a iya karantawa daidai.Tsakanin kwararar sifili da mafi ƙarancin ƙima, fitowar fitarwa bazai zama daidai ba.Matsalar ita ce yayin da matsakaicin matsakaicin ƙimar ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙaya suke.
Ɗaya daga cikin mafita shine amfani da masu watsawa guda biyu (ƙananan mitar guda ɗaya da mitar mita ɗaya), amma wannan zaɓi ne mai tsada.Hanya ta biyu ita ce a yi amfani da firikwensin kwarara don kewayon kwararar aiki na yau da kullun kuma amfani da babban maɓalli mai girma tare da babban kewayon analog gudana mita.Abu na ƙarshe da iskar gas ɗin shingen ya ratsa ta shine wurin duba bawul ɗin kafin iskar gas ɗin ya bar panel kuma ya haɗa da hatimin injina.Wannan yana da mahimmanci don hana koma baya na ruwa da aka yi famfo a cikin panel da kuma lalata kayan aiki a cikin yanayin rashin daidaituwa na tsari.
Bawul ɗin rajistan dole ne ya sami ƙananan matsa lamba.Idan zaɓin ba daidai ba ne, ko kuma idan hatimin iska na famfo matsa lamba biyu yana da ƙarancin iskar gas mai shinge, ana iya ganin cewa buɗaɗɗen buɗaɗɗen iskar gas ɗin yana haifar da buɗaɗɗen bawul ɗin rajistan.
Gabaɗaya, ana amfani da nitrogen na shuka azaman iskar gas saboda yana samuwa cikin sauƙi, rashin aiki kuma baya haifar da wani mummunan halayen sinadarai a cikin ruwan da aka zuga.Haka kuma ana iya amfani da iskar gas da ba a samu ba, kamar argon.A lokuta inda matsin iskar garkuwa da ake buƙata ya fi ƙarfin nitrogen na shuka, mai ƙara matsa lamba zai iya ƙara matsa lamba da adana iskar gas mai ƙarfi a cikin mai karɓar da aka haɗa da mashigin shirin 74.Ba a ba da shawarar kwalabe na nitrogen gabaɗaya saboda suna buƙatar koyaushe maye gurbin silinda maras komai tare da cikakkun.Idan ingancin hatimin ya lalace, za a iya zubar da kwalbar da sauri, yana haifar da dakatarwar famfo don hana ƙarin lalacewa da gazawar hatimin injin.
Ba kamar tsarin shinge na ruwa ba, tsarin tallafi na Shirin 74 baya buƙatar kusanci da hatimin inji.Abin sani kawai a nan shi ne ɓangaren elongated na ƙananan bututun diamita.Ƙunƙarar matsa lamba tsakanin shirin 74 na shirin da hatimi na iya faruwa a cikin bututu a lokacin lokuta mai girma (lalacewar hatimi), wanda ya rage karfin shingen da ke samuwa ga hatimi.Ƙara girman bututu zai iya magance wannan matsala.A matsayinka na mai mulki, an ɗora sassan 74 na shirin a kan tsayawa a tsayi mai tsayi don sarrafa bawuloli da karatun kayan aiki.Za a iya sanya maƙalar a kan farantin gindin famfo ko kusa da famfo ba tare da tsoma baki tare da duba famfo da kiyayewa ba.Guji haɗari masu haɗari akan bututu/bututu masu haɗawa Tsare-tsare 74 tare da hatimin inji.
Don famfo mai ɗaukar hoto tare da hatimi na inji guda biyu, ɗaya a kowane ƙarshen famfo, ba a ba da shawarar yin amfani da panel ɗaya da keɓan shingen iskar gas zuwa kowane hatimin injina ba.Maganin da aka ba da shawarar shine a yi amfani da keɓantaccen tsari na 74 don kowane hatimi, ko kuma tsarin shirin 74 mai fitar da abubuwa biyu, kowanne yana da nasa na'urar na'urar motsa jiki da na'urar juyawa.A cikin wuraren da ke da lokacin sanyi yana iya zama dole don overwinter na Tsarin 74.Ana yin wannan da farko don kare kayan aikin lantarki na panel, yawanci ta hanyar sanya panel a cikin majalisar da ƙara abubuwan dumama.
Wani al'amari mai ban sha'awa shi ne cewa yawan kwararar iskar gas na shinge yana ƙaruwa tare da rage yawan zafin jiki mai shinge.Wannan yawanci ba a lura da shi ba, amma yana iya zama sananne a wurare da lokacin sanyi ko manyan bambance-bambancen zafin jiki tsakanin rani da hunturu.A wasu lokuta, yana iya zama dole a daidaita wurin saitin ƙararrawa mai girma don hana ƙararrawar ƙarya.Dole ne a tsaftace bututun iska da bututu masu haɗawa kafin a sanya faifan shirin 74 cikin sabis.Ana samun wannan cikin sauƙi ta ƙara bawul ɗin iska a ko kusa da haɗin hatimin inji.Idan ba a sami bawul ɗin jini ba, ana iya tsabtace tsarin ta hanyar cire haɗin bututu / bututu daga hatimin injin sannan a sake haɗa shi bayan an wanke.
Bayan haɗa nau'ikan shirin 74 zuwa hatimi da kuma duba duk haɗin gwiwa don leaks, ana iya daidaita mai sarrafa matsa lamba zuwa matsa lamba a cikin aikace-aikacen.Dole ne kwamitin ya ba da iskar gas mai matsa lamba zuwa hatimin inji kafin cika famfo da ruwan sarrafawa.Shirye-shiryen 74 likes da panels suna shirye don farawa lokacin da aka kammala aikin aikin famfo da iska.
Dole ne a duba sashin tacewa bayan aiki na wata ɗaya ko kowane wata shida idan ba a sami gurɓata ba.Tazarar sauyawa ta tace zai dogara ne akan tsabtar iskar gas da aka kawo, amma kada ya wuce shekaru uku.
Ya kamata a duba ƙimar iskar gas kuma a yi rikodin lokacin dubawa na yau da kullun.Idan shamakin iska ya haifar da buɗaɗɗen bawul ɗin dubawa da rufewa ya yi girma isa ya haifar da ƙararrawa mai girma, waɗannan ƙimar ƙararrawa na iya buƙatar ƙarawa don guje wa ƙararrawar ƙarya.
Wani muhimmin mataki na ƙaddamarwa shine warewa da damuwa na iskar gas ya kamata ya zama mataki na ƙarshe.Da farko, ware da rage matsi da rumbun famfo.Da zarar famfo ya kasance a cikin wani yanayi mai aminci, ana iya kashe matsi na isar gas mai garkuwa da kuma cire matsin iskar gas daga bututun da ke haɗa tsarin shirin 74 zuwa hatimin injina.Cire duk ruwa daga tsarin kafin fara kowane aikin kulawa.
Dual matsa lamba famfo iska hatimi hade tare da Shirin 74 goyon bayan tsarin samar da masu aiki tare da sifili- watsi shaft hatimi bayani, m babban birnin kasar zuba jari (idan aka kwatanta da hatimi tare da ruwa shãmaki tsarin), rage rayuwa sake zagayowar farashin, kananan goyon bayan tsarin sawun da mafi ƙarancin sabis bukatun.
Lokacin shigar da sarrafa shi daidai da mafi kyawun aiki, wannan ƙulli na iya samar da dogaro na dogon lokaci da ƙara samun kayan aikin juyawa.
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Mark Savage manajan rukunin samfur ne a John Crane.Savage yana da Digiri na Kimiyya a Injiniya daga Jami'ar Sydney, Ostiraliya.Don ƙarin bayani ziyarci johncrane.com.
Lokacin aikawa: Satumba-08-2022